站在这幅三米宽的画前,你只看得出一些浅灰与深灰色块斑驳混杂,色块之间有横向的涂抹痕迹。站远一点,你才渐渐开始分辨出画里有一群人,沿着一道路径站着。
里希特这件大型画作《葬礼》描绘的是德国恐怖组织红军派成员 Andreas Baader、Gudrun Ensslin 和 Jan-Carl Raspe 的葬礼。1977年10月27日,数千名支持者、记者和旁观者聚集在这三名恐怖分子下葬的 Dornhalden 墓园。
画的中间有抬棺者抬着三具浅色的棺材,顺着画的对角线方向朝背景走去。前景中有些人零落地站着,但大部分人都挤在中景的部分,人潮一直延伸到背景里浅色的墓园边界。
这幅画是《1977年10月18日》组画的一部分,里希特从媒体照片中挑选出的一张最能捕捉事件远景氛围的照片,并根据照片创作成此画。画作的色调比原始照片图像深许多,背景中较密集的树丛更强化了这种效果。
与原始照片中静态的截影不同的是,里希特在画作中应用了均匀的横向模糊化技法,为画面制造出动态的感觉。绘画式的动态模糊强调出葬礼行进的特征:一方面是行进中的葬礼队伍,另一方面则是死亡告别所蕴涵的行进暗示。
根据里希特的说法,组画里的其他作品也呈示了告别的意味,“就许多方面而言,这些画也在作一种告别的动作。从事实的角度看来,这些人都已经死了;从普遍的角度看来,死亡也就是一种离开和告别...”1
《葬礼》通常被视为是里希特与历史题材绘画之间互动与对话的参照点,作为组画中规模最大的作品,它比同系列的其他画作更符合传统历史绘画的形式标准。但里希特为这种经典画种带引入现代性的成分:不同于传统历史绘画对历史事件中英雄的描绘,里希特画的是失败的恐怖分子的葬礼。传统历史绘画对事件做细节详尽的历史再现,借以传播某个特定的观点,但里希特却将所有细节彻底模糊化。
里希特的历史绘画并不想对事件或历史真相做详细描绘,而仅仅想提醒人事件曾经发生。里希特并不想借由他的画来规定观赏者应该用何种方式来记忆这个事件,他只想邀请观赏者一同想起一个历史事件。
1 Notes, 1989,收录于 Gerhard Richter: Text. Writings, Interviews and Letters 1961–2007, Thames & Hudson, London 出版 (2009年) 第213页。
以上说明由本网站编辑小组撰写
The Museum of Modern Art (MoMA), New York, USA
此作品的创作来源为《图集》所收录的一幅影像:
此《图集》页涵括下列作品的图片来源:
此作品曾于下列展览展出:
关于此作的文献:
标题 | 作者 | 日期 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() |
The Richter Interviews | Obrist, Hans Ulrich / Richter, Gerhard | 2019 | |||
![]() |
Wo Es war. Vier Briefe an Gerhard Richter | Didi-Huberman, Georges | 2018 | |||
![]() |
Photography, Trace, and Trauma | Iversen, Margaret | 2017 | |||
![]() |
Gerhard Richter | Elger, Dietmar / Fajt, Jiří | 2017 | |||
![]() |
Gerhard Richter: Die Editionen | 2017 | ||||
![]() |
The Absent Museum | Snauwaert, Dirk / Borja-Villel, Manuel / David, Catherine / Esche, Charles | 2017 | |||
![]() |
B: Blickfänger | Härtel, Insa / Pazzini, Karl-Josef | 2017 | |||
![]() |
Gerhard Richter: Über Malen / Frühe Bilder | 2017 | ||||
![]() |
Robert Storr: Interviews on Art | Storr, Robert | 2017 | |||
![]() |
Gerhard Richter: The Life of Images | Hawker, Rosemary | 2017 | |||
![]() |
Unconsolable Contemporary: Observing Gerhard Richter | Rabinow, Paul | 2017 | |||
![]() |
Typewriters, Bombs, Jellyfish: Essays | McCarthy, Tom | 2017 | |||
![]() |
Elective Affinities. German Art since the Late 1960s | 2016 | ||||
![]() |
The Artwork of Gerhard Richter. Painting, critical theory and cultural transformation | Ansted, Darryn | 2016 | |||
![]() |
Gerhard Richter. 14 Panes of Glass for Toyoshima, dedicated to futility | Elger, Dietmar / Hayashi, Sumi | 2016 | |||
![]() |
Das Abenteuer unserer Sammlung Kunst nach 1945 aus den Kunstmuseen Krefeld | Hentschel, Martin / Holzhey, Magdalena / Janzen, Thomas / Martin, Sylvia | 2016 | |||
![]() |
Gerhard Richter: Painting | Shimizu, Minoru | 2015 | |||
![]() |
The Art of Gerhard Richter. Hermeneutics, Images, Meaning | Lotz, Christian | 2015 | |||
![]() |
The Düsseldorf Art Academy. Making History since 1945 | Kunstakademie Düsseldorf | 2015 | |||
![]() |
Germany Divided. Baselitz and his Generation. From the Duerckheim Collection | Stonard, John-Paul / MacGregor, Neil | 2014 | |||
![]() |
Gerhard Richter: Bilder / Serien | Didi-Huberman, Georges / Elger, Dietmar / Kono, Michiko / Obrist, Hans Ulrich / Schwarz, Dieter | 2014 | |||
![]() |
Gerhard Richter: Pictures / Series | Didi-Huberman, Georges / Elger, Dietmar / Kono, Michiko / Obrist, Hans Ulrich / Schwarz, Dieter | 2014 | |||
![]() |
Time Present. Photography from the Deutsche Bank Collection | Ng, Rachel / März, Christina / Hütte, Friedhelm / Lingham, Susie / Lim, Philip | 2014 | |||
![]() |
Time Present. Photography from The Deutsche Bank Collection | Krause, Stefan / Koerner von Gustorf, Oliver / Cloete, Alan / Chadha, Gunit / Hütte, Friedhelm / Liebscher, Martin / Campany, David | 2014 | |||
![]() |
Gerhard Richter, Panorama: une rétrospective = a retrospective | Godfrey, Mark / Serota, Nicholas / Brill, Dorothée / Morineau, Camille / Borchardt-Hume, Achim / Dickson, Amy / Haidu, Rachel / Mehring, Christine | 2012 | |||
![]() |
Gerhard Richter: Panorama: Retrospektive | Godfrey, Mark / Serota, Nicholas / Brill, Dorothée / Morineau, Camille / Borchardt-Hume, Achim / Dickson, Amy / Haidu, Rachel / Mehring, Christine | 2012 | |||
![]() |
Gerhard Richter. Bilder einer Epoche | Schneede, Uwe M. / Butin, Hubertus / Elger, Dietmar / Rübel, Dietmar / Westheider, Ortrud | 2011 | |||
![]() |
Gerhard Richter. Atlas | Friedel, Helmut | 2011 | |||
![]() |
Il bordo del mondo: La forma sguardo nella pittura di Gerhard Richter | Garbin, Emanuele | 2011 | |||
![]() |
Übermalt, Verwischt, Ausgelöscht: Das Porträt im 20. Jahrhundert | Mund, Henrike | 2011 | |||
![]() |
Gerhard Richter. Images of an Era | Schneede, Uwe M. / Butin, Hubertus / Elger, Dietmar / Rübel, Dietmar / Westheider, Ortrud | 2011 | |||
![]() |
Gerhard Richter: Panorama: A Retrospective | Godfrey, Mark / Serota, Nicholas / Brill, Dorothée / Morineau, Camille / Borchardt-Hume, Achim / Dickson, Amy / Haidu, Rachel / Mehring, Christine | 2011 | |||
![]() |
September. A History Painting by Gerhard Richter | Storr, Robert | 2010 | |||
![]() |
Gerhard Richter in der Dresdener Galerie. Schriften des Gerhard Richter Archiv Dresden ; Bd. 7 | Elger, Dietmar | 2010 | |||
![]() |
Richter en France | Tosatto, Guy / Criqui, Jean-Pierre / Storsve, Jonas | 2009 | |||
![]() |
The Richter effect on the regeneration of aesthetics | Kelly, Michael | 2009 | |||
![]() |
Gerhard Richter. Porträt Dr. Knobloch (Patrimonia 344) | Elger, Dietmar / Roth, Martin / Stange, Eva-Maria | 2009 | |||
![]() |
Gerhard Richter. A Life in Painting | Elger, Dietmar | 2009 | |||
![]() |
Gerhard Richter. 4900 Colours | Buchloh, Benjamin H. D. / Gidal, Peter / Pelzer, Birgit / Peyton-Jones, Julia / Obrist, Hans Ulrich | 2008 | |||
![]() |
Gerhard Richter: Abstrakte Bilder | Wilmes, Ulrich / Buchloh, Benjamin H. D. / Söntgen, Beate / Stemmrich, Gregor | 2008 | |||
![]() |
Gerhard Richter. Large Abstracts | Wilmes, Ulrich / Buchloh, Benjamin H. D. / Söntgen, Beate / Stemmrich, Gregor | 2008 | |||
![]() |
Gerhard Richter, Maler | Elger, Dietmar | 2008 | |||
![]() |
Gerhard Richter. Portraits | Gronert, Stefan / Butin, Hubertus | 2006 | |||
![]() |
Gerhard Richter. Portraits | Gronert, Stefan / Butin, Hubertus | 2006 | |||
![]() |
Gerhard Richter. Atlas | Friedel, Helmut | 2006 | |||
![]() |
Gerhard Richter. Atlas | Friedel, Helmut | 2006 | |||
![]() |
Gerhard Richter. Catalogue Raisonné 1993–2004 | Zweite, Armin | 2005 | |||
![]() |
Texte: Schriften und Interviews: Revised and Enlarged Edition | Richter, Gerhard / Shimizu, Minoru | 2005 | |||
![]() |
Gerhard Richter: Editions 1965-2004 | 2004 | ||||
![]() |
Gerhard Richter: Editionen 1965-2004 | Butin, Hubertus / Gronert, Stefan | 2004 | |||
![]() |
Gerhard Richter. Doubt and Belief in Painting | Storr, Robert | 2003 | |||
![]() |
Visions of Modern Art. Painting and Sculpture from the Museum of Modern Art | Elderfield, John / Lowry, Glenn D. / Ganz, Sarah / Storr, Robert / Umland, Anne / Daftari, Fereshteh | 2003 | |||
![]() |
Gerhard Richter. Malerei | Storr, Robert | 2002 | |||
![]() |
Gerhard Richter, Maler | Elger, Dietmar | 2002 | |||
![]() |
Gerhard Richter. Forty Years of Painting | Storr, Robert | 2002 | |||
![]() |
Gerhard Richter. Survey | Schwarz, Dieter / Zeller, Ursula / Adriani, Götz | 2001 | |||
![]() |
Gerhard Richter. Übersicht | Schwarz, Dieter / Zeller, Ursula / Adriani, Götz | 2000 | |||
![]() |
Gerhard Richter. October 18, 1977 | Storr, Robert | 2000 | |||
![]() |
Gerhard Richter. Drawings 1964-1999. Catalogue Raisonné | Schwarz, Dieter / Pelzer, Birgit | 2000 | |||
![]() |
Gerhard Richter | Corà, Bruno / Buchloh, Benjamin H. D. / Chevrier, Jean Francois / Moscati, Italo | 1999 | |||
![]() |
L'image-événement. Représentations de la terreur dans l'œuvre de Willie Doherty et de Gerhard Richter | Lavoie, Vincent | 1999 | |||
![]() |
Gerhard Richter, 18. Oktober 1977. Eine Kunst-Monographie | Hemken, Kai-Uwe | 1998 | |||
![]() |
Gerhard Richter, Sigmar Polke, Arnulf Rainer. Sammlung Frieder Burda = Collection Frieder Burda | Poetter, Jochen / Brehm, Margrit / Möckel, Birgit | 1996 | |||
![]() |
Gerhard Richter. 100 Bilder | Obrist, Hans Ulrich / Pelzer, Birgit / Tosatto, Guy | 1996 | |||
![]() |
Gerhard Richter. 100 Pictures | Obrist, Hans Ulrich / Pelzer, Birgit / Tosatto, Guy | 1996 | |||
![]() |
Stammheim. Gerhard Richter | Seymour, Anne | 1995 | |||
![]() |
Aus der Sammlung. Nach 25 Jahren | Grisebach, Lucius / Braunsberg, Günter | 1992 | |||
![]() |
Zu Richters Oktober-Bildern | Butin, Hubertus | 1991 | |||
![]() |
Museum für Moderne Kunst und Sammlung Ströher | 1991 | ||||
![]() |
Gerhard Richter: Atlas | Zweite, Armin | 1989 | |||
![]() |
Gerhard Richter 1988/89 | Schampers, Karel / Tilroe, Anna / Buchloh, Benjamin H. D. | 1989 | |||
![]() |
18. Oktober 1977 | Ammann, Jean-Christophe | 1989 |